C#.NET ASP.NET WPF WCF LINQ SQL SERVER

DotnetCharting Line Chart

2010-08-03T09:39:00.000-07:00

<dotnet:Chart id="Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY" runat="server"/>

protected void splineRTSesChargesByMonth()

{

// Set the chart type

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Type = ChartType.Combo;

// Set the size

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Width = 1150;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Height = 550;

// Set the temp directory

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.TempDirectory = "temp";

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Debug = true;

//Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Title = "District RTSes Charges";

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.LegendBox.Orientation = dotnetCHARTING.Orientation.Bottom;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.TitleBox.Position = TitleBoxPosition.FullWithLegend;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.DefaultElement.Marker.Visible = true;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.PaletteName = Palette.Five;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.ChartAreaSpacing = 8;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.LegendBox.Template = "%Icon%Name";

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.TitleBox.Label.Font = new Font("", 12, FontStyle.Bold);

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.TitleBox.Label.Color = Color.Black;//FromArgb(39, 64, 139);//(0,104,139);

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.TitleBox.Background.Color = Color.FromArgb(215, 230, 250);//Color.WhiteSmoke;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.LegendBox.Background.Color = Color.WhiteSmoke;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.LegendBox.LabelStyle = new dotnetCHARTING.Label("", new Font("Arial", 10), Color.Black);

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.XAxis.Label.Text = "Dates";

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.YAxis.Label.Text = "Invoice Amount";

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.XAxis.TimeScaleLabels.Mode = TimeScaleLabelMode.Smart;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.XAxis.TimeScaleLabels.DayFormatString = "o";

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.XAxis.TimeScaleLabels.RangeIntervals.Add(TimeInterval.Month);

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.XAxis.TimeScaleLabels.MonthFormatString = "MMM";

SeriesCollection mySC = new SeriesCollection();

Series s1 = new Series();

Series s2 = new Series();

Series s3 = new Series();

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

ds = objBus.GetDTGRTSCountSummarybyMonthFY();

DataTable dt = ds.Tables[0];

DataRow dr = dt.Rows[0];

if (dr["title"].ToString().Length <= 0)

{

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Title = "District RTS Charges";

}

else

{

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Title = dr["title"].ToString();

}

s1.Data = ds.Tables[0];

s1.Type = SeriesType.Spline;

s1.LegendEntry.Name = "RTS Charges($)";

s1.Line.Width = 2;

s1.YAxis = new Axis();

s1.YAxis.FormatString = "Currency";

//s1.YAxis.Minimum = 1750000;

s1.YAxis.TickLabel.Color = Color.FromArgb(45, 24, 245);

s1.YAxis.Label.Text = "RTS Charges($)";

s2.Data = ds.Tables[1];

s2.Type = SeriesType.Spline;

s2.LegendEntry.Name = "Count";

s2.Line.Width = 2;

s2.YAxis = new Axis();

s2.YAxis.TickLabel.Color = Color.FromArgb(245, 24, 55);

//s2.YAxis.Minimum = 45000;

s2.YAxis.Label.Text = "Count";

mySC.Add(s1);

mySC.Add(s2);

mySC[0].DefaultElement.Color = Color.FromArgb(45, 24, 245);

mySC[1].DefaultElement.Color = Color.FromArgb(245, 24, 55);

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.DefaultElement.ShowValue = true;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.Mentor = false;

Chart_RTS_Count_Summary_by_Month_FY.SeriesCollection.Add(mySC);

}

Advantages of jQuery

2010-06-16T13:44:00.001-07:00

Advantages of jQuery

1. It’s lightweight, easy and fast.

2. Write less but do more.

3. Cross Browser Compatibility.

4. Separate javascript code from HTML mark-up.

5. Easy and Light-weight Ajax Application.

6. Availability of various plug-in’s.

7. You can extend it.

8. We can use CDN (Content Distribution Network) for internet site.

9. Microsoft and Intellisense support in Visual Studio 2008.

10. Easy Integration with ASP.Net Ajax projects.

Refer link
http://encosia.com/2008/03/27/using-jquery-to-consume-aspnet-json-web-services/

Referlink for webservices
http://quickstarts.asp.net/QuickStartv20/webservices/doc/DataTypes.aspx

Consuming Webservices using ASP.Net AJAX

2010-06-16T07:08:00.000-07:00

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head id="Head1" runat="server">

<title>Consuming a Web Service Using ASP.NET Ajax</title>

<script type="text/javascript">

function pageLoad() {

WebService.GetCustomerNames(onSuccess);

}

function onSuccess(result) {

var output = document.getElementById("Output");

output.innerHTML = result;

}

function onFailure(result) {

context.innerText = "Error Invoking the Web Service...";

}

</script>

</head>

<body>

<form id="form1" runat="server">

<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">

<Services>

<asp:ServiceReference Path="~/WebService.asmx" />

</Services>

</asp:ScriptManager>

<div>

<span id="Output"></span>

</div>

</form>

</body>

</html>

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Web.Services;

/// <summary>

/// Summary description for WebService

/// </summary>

[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]

[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]

// To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line.

[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]

public class WebService : System.Web.Services.WebService {

public WebService () {

//Uncomment the following line if using designed components

//InitializeComponent();

}

[WebMethod]

public List<string> GetCustomerNames()

{

List<String> customerList=new List<String>();

customerList.Add("John");

customerList.Add("Jacob");

customerList.Add("Mary");

customerList.Add("Peter");

customerList.Add("Darren");

return customerList;

}

}

Consume webservices

2010-06-15T14:00:00.001-07:00

Rate_WS.CurrencyConvertor ExRate = new Rate_WS.CurrencyConvertor();

lblEuroUsd.Text = ExRate.ConversionRate(Rate_WS.Currency.EUR, Rate_WS.Currency.USD).ToString();

lblINRUSD.Text = ExRate.ConversionRate(Rate_WS.Currency.INR, Rate_WS.Currency.USD).ToString();

lblInrEuro.Text = ExRate.ConversionRate(Rate_WS.Currency.INR, Rate_WS.Currency.EUR).ToString();

lblUSDINR.Text = ExRate.ConversionRate(Rate_WS.Currency.USD, Rate_WS.Currency.INR).ToString();

Refer link http://www.dotnetspider.com/resources/30413-How-consume-third-Party-Web-service-C.aspx

Search string in file

2010-06-15T13:11:00.001-07:00

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string file = "C:\\Timesheet\\April\\Masoom_TS_04_09_2010.xls";

string searchText = "Masoom";

searchFile(file, searchText);

}

public void searchFile(String file, String searchText)

{

//Declare reader as a new StreamReader with file as the file to use

System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(file);

//Declare text as the reader reading to the end

String text = reader.ReadToEnd();

//If the searchText is a match

if (System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.IsMatch(text, searchText))

{

//Highlight the Text

textBox1.Text = searchText;

}

else

{

//Show that it was not a match

MessageBox.Show("Sorry, but " + searchText + " could not be found in the given file", "No Results");

}

}

Download File using ASP.net with C#

2010-06-15T11:11:00.000-07:00

protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Uri uri = new Uri(txtFilePath.Text);

string LocalPath = string.Empty;

LocalPath = "C:\\masoom";

MyDownloadFile(uri, LocalPath);

}

public void MyDownloadFile(Uri url, string outputFilePath)

{

try

{

const int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024;

using (var outputFileStream = File.Create(outputFilePath, BUFFER_SIZE))

{

var req = WebRequest.Create(url);

using (var response = req.GetResponse())

{

using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())

{

var buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];

int bytesRead;

do

{

bytesRead = responseStream.Read(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);

outputFileStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);

} while (bytesRead > 0);

}

}

}

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

throw ex;

}

}

If credention required then add extra code on top of try block.

string UserName = "masoom";

string SecurelyStoredPassword ="masoom";

string Domain = "ABC";

CredentialCache myCache = new CredentialCache();

NetworkCredential netCredential = new NetworkCredential(UserName, SecurelyStoredPassword, Domain);

myCache.Add(new Uri("http://netb.dcnet.in.dc.gov/wf/Files/Order_Management_System_User_Guide.pdf"), "Basic", netCredential);

myCache.Add(new Uri("http://netb.dcnet.in.dc.gov/wf/Files/Order_Management_System_User_Guide.pdf"), "Digest", netCredential);

myCache.Add(new Uri("http://netb.dcnet.in.dc.gov/wf/Files/Order_Management_System_User_Guide.pdf"), "Negotiate", netCredential);

Pie chart in DotnetCharting

2010-01-28T06:04:00.000-08:00

protected void Pie_Billing_Charges()

{

// Set the title.

Chart_PieBillChrgs.Title = "Voice Services Charges by Service Type ";

Chart_PieBillChrgs.Size = "550x320";

Chart_PieBillChrgs.LegendBox.Position = LegendBoxPosition.None;

Chart_PieBillChrgs.LegendBox.CornerTopRight = dotnetCHARTING.BoxCorner.Round;

Chart_PieBillChrgs.DefaultElement.ShowValue = true;

Chart_PieBillChrgs.TitleBox.Position = TitleBoxPosition.Full;

// Set 3D

Chart_PieBillChrgs.Use3D = true;

Chart_PieBillChrgs.DefaultChartArea.ClearColors();

Chart_PieBillChrgs.DefaultElement.SmartLabel.Text = "%name: %Value";

//Chart_PieBillChrgs.LegendBox.Template = "%icon %name";

// Set the chart Type

Chart_PieBillChrgs.Type = ChartType.Pie;

// Set default transparency

Chart_PieBillChrgs.DefaultSeries.DefaultElement.Transparency = 15;

Chart_PieBillChrgs.ShadingEffectMode = ShadingEffectMode.Five;

Chart_PieBillChrgs.YAxis.FormatString = "Currency";

// Set show value

Chart_PieBillChrgs.DefaultSeries.DefaultElement.ShowValue = true;

// Set labeling mode.

Chart_PieBillChrgs.PieLabelMode = PieLabelMode.Outside;

// Set the directory where the images will be stored.

Chart_PieBillChrgs.TempDirectory = "temp";

SqlConnection conn = CreateConnection();

if (conn!= null)

conn.Open();

try

{

DataTable dt = new DataTable();

SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter();

sda.SelectCommand = new SqlCommand("select id,colvalue,colname from Billing where id = (select max(id) from Billing) order by colname", conn);

sda.Fill(dt);

Chart_PieBillChrgs.Series.Data = dt;

Chart_PieBillChrgs.SeriesCollection.Add();

Chart_PieBillChrgs.SeriesCollection[0].DefaultElement.Color = Color.FromArgb(49, 255, 49);

Chart_PieBillChrgs.SeriesCollection[1].DefaultElement.Color = Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 0);

Chart_PieBillChrgs.SeriesCollection[2].DefaultElement.Color = Color.FromArgb(255, 99, 49);

Chart_PieBillChrgs.SeriesCollection[3].DefaultElement.Color = Color.FromArgb(0, 156, 255);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

}

finally

{

conn.Close();

}

}

<%@ Register TagPrefix="dotnet" Namespace="dotnetCHARTING" Assembly="dotnetCHARTING"%>

<dotnet:Chart id="Chart_PieBillChrgs" runat="server"/>

when it was last updated table in sql server 2005/2008

2010-01-20T14:52:00.001-08:00

SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) AS DatabaseName, last_user_update,*

FROM sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats

WHERE database_id = DB_ID( 'AdventureWorks')

AND OBJECT_ID=OBJECT_ID('test')

Running query provides accurate details of when was the table last updated. If WHERE condition is entirely removed it will provide details of the entire database.

Telerik RadGrid with Paging

2010-01-19T14:09:00.001-08:00

<telerik:RadPanelItem runat="server" Text="Action Log" Value="MasWFDetails" Expanded="true">

<Items>

<telerik:RadPanelItem Value="WFDetails" runat="server">

<ItemTemplate>

<telerik:RadGrid ID="RdWF" runat="server" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True" ShowGroupPanel="true" GridLines="None" Skin="Office2007" AllowMultiRowSelection="True" OnNeedDataSource="RdWF_NeedDataSource" >

<ClientSettings>

<Selecting AllowRowSelect="True" />

</ClientSettings>

<MasterTableView AutoGenerateColumns="false" NoMasterRecordsText="No Action History to display" >

<Columns>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn HeaderText="Date" DataField="Date"></telerik:GridBoundColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn HeaderText="User" DataField="User"></telerik:GridBoundColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn HeaderText="Group" DataField="Group Name"></telerik:GridBoundColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn HeaderText="Action" DataField="Action"></telerik:GridBoundColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn HeaderText="Comments" DataField="Comments"></telerik:GridBoundColumn>

</Columns>

<AlternatingItemStyle CssClass="InnerAlernatingItemStyle" />

</MasterTableView>

</telerik:RadGrid>

</ItemTemplate>

</telerik:RadPanelItem>

</Items>

</telerik:RadPanelItem>

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

if (!IsPostBack)

{

BindGrid();

}

}

private void BindGrid()

{

RadGrid RdNotes = (RadGrid)SORadPanel.FindItemByValue("WFNotes").FindControl("RdNotes");

if (RdNotes != null)

{

RdNotes.DataSource = ds.Tables[3];

RdNotes.DataBind();

}

}

protected void RdNotes_NeedDataSource(object source, Telerik.Web.UI.GridNeedDataSourceEventArgs e)

{

RadGrid RdNotes = (RadGrid)SORadPanel.FindItemByValue("WFNotes").FindControl("RdNotes");

string RTS = "";

if (Session["INASCURRENTRTSCLICKED"] != null)

RTS = Session["INASCURRENTRTSCLICKED"].ToString();

if (RTS != "")

{

ds = objBus.getWFRTSDetails(RTS);

RdNotes.DataSource = ds.Tables[4];

}

// RdAttachment.DataSource = objBus.getDIDSODetails(tRTS.Text);

}

Telerik RadGrid Batch update in DetailsTable on Selection of Checkbox

2010-01-14T06:21:00.000-08:00

using Telerik.Web.UI;

public partial class UserGroupActionList : System.Web.UI.Page

{

string RTS = "";

int roleId = 4;

NASBusinessClass objBus = new NASBusinessClass();

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {

if (Session["INASCURRENTRTSCLICKED"] != null)

RTS = Session["INASCURRENTRTSCLICKED"].ToString();

if (!IsPostBack)

BindGrid();

}

//Bind the Main Grid

void BindGrid()

{

DataTable dtGroup = objBus.getWorkflowGroupList();

if (dtGroup.Rows.Count > 0)

{

RdUserGroup.DataSource = dtGroup;

}

}

protected void RdUserGroup_NeedDataSource(object source, Telerik.Web.UI.GridNeedDataSourceEventArgs e)

{

if (!e.IsFromDetailTable)

{

RdUserGroup.DataSource = objBus.getWorkflowGroupList();

}

}

//Bind the Nested Grid

protected void RdUserGroup_DetailTableDataBind(object source, Telerik.Web.UI.GridDetailTableDataBindEventArgs e)

{

GridDataItem dataItem = (GridDataItem)e.DetailTableView.ParentItem;

if (e.DetailTableView.Name == "GroupAction")

{

int group_id = Convert.ToInt32(dataItem.GetDataKeyValue("Group_ID").ToString());

DataTable dtUser = objBus.getActionsList(group_id, roleId);

if (dtUser.Rows.Count > 0)

{

e.DetailTableView.DataSource = dtUser;

}

}

}

protected void RdUserGroup_ItemDataBound(object sender, GridItemEventArgs e)

{

GridTableView DetailsTable = (GridTableView)e.Item.OwnerTableView;

foreach (GridCommandItem cmditm in RdUserGroup.MasterTableView.GetItems(GridItemType.CommandItem))

{

Button btn1 = (Button)cmditm.FindControl("AddNewRecordButton");

btn1.Enabled = false;

btn1.Visible = false;

//Disabling the LinkButton

LinkButton lnkbtn1 = (LinkButton)cmditm.FindControl("InitInsertButton");

lnkbtn1.Enabled = false;

lnkbtn1.Visible = false;

}

}

protected void RdUserGroup_ItemCommand(object source, GridCommandEventArgs e)

{

try

{

string groupId = string.Empty;

if (e.Item.OwnerTableView.Name == "GroupAction")

{

GridTableView DetailsTable = (GridTableView)e.Item.OwnerTableView;

groupId = DetailsTable.ParentItem.GetDataKeyValue("Group_ID").ToString();

if (e.CommandName == "UpdateAll")

{

DeleteAll(groupId);

UpdateAll(DetailsTable, groupId);

}

}

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

lblError.Text = "";

lblError.Visible = true;

lblError.Text = "<font color='Red'>Unable to update" + ex.ToString();

}

}

private void UpdateAll(GridTableView DetailsTable, string groupId)

{

foreach (GridEditableItem dataItem in DetailsTable.Items)

{

//string actionName = string.Empty;

int actionId = 0;

int grpId = 0;

grpId = Convert.ToInt32(groupId);

Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();

DetailsTable.ExtractValuesFromItem(ht, dataItem);

//actionName = ht["Name"] .ToString();

CheckBox chkActionStatus = (CheckBox)dataItem.FindControl("chkActionStatus");

actionId = Convert.ToInt32(ht["Action_id"].ToString());

if (chkActionStatus != null)

{

if (chkActionStatus.Checked)

{

int success = objBus.UpdateGroupActionsList(grpId, actionId, roleId);

}

}

}

GridHeaderItem headerItem = DetailsTable.GetItems(GridItemType.Header)[0] as GridHeaderItem;

//headerItem["Name"].BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;

headerItem["Name"].Text = "<font size='3'><B>Updated Actions Successfully</B></font>";

//Response.Write("<script language='javascript'>alert('Edit Successfull');</script>");

}

private void DeleteAll(string groupId)

{

int grpId=0;

grpId=Convert.ToInt32(groupId);

int success = objBus.DeleteGroupActionsList(grpId);

}

}

<telerik:RadGrid ID="RdUserGroup" runat="server" PageSize="25" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True" ShowGroupPanel="true"

GridLines="None" Width="900px" Skin="Office2007" OnItemCommand="RdUserGroup_ItemCommand" OnItemDataBound="RdUserGroup_ItemDataBound" OnNeedDataSource="RdUserGroup_NeedDataSource" OnDetailTableDataBind="RdUserGroup_DetailTableDataBind" AllowAutomaticDeletes="True" AllowAutomaticInserts="True" AllowMultiRowSelection="True" >

<ClientSettings>

<Selecting AllowRowSelect="True" />

</ClientSettings>

<MasterTableView AutoGenerateColumns="False" CommandItemDisplay="Top" Name="Group" EditMode="InPlace" NoMasterRecordsText="No Group to display" HierarchyLoadMode="Client" DataKeyNames="Group_ID" >

<DetailTables>

<telerik:GridTableView CssClass="DetailTable" Name="GroupAction" NoDetailRecordsText="No Action to display" Width="550px" AllowAutomaticUpdates="true" AutoGenerateColumns="false" CommandItemDisplay="Bottom" CommandItemStyle-HorizontalAlign="Center" CommandItemSettings-RefreshText="">

<HeaderStyle CssClass="InnerHeaderStyle">

</HeaderStyle>

<CommandItemStyle CssClass="InnerCommandStyle"/>

<CommandItemTemplate>

<asp:Button runat="server" ID="UpdateAll" Text="Save Changes" CommandName="UpdateAll" />

<asp:Button runat="server" ID="CancelAll" Text="Cancel" CommandName="CancelAll" />

</CommandItemTemplate>

<Columns>

<telerik:GridEditCommandColumn Visible="false">

</telerik:GridEditCommandColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn headertext="Action Name" datafield="Name" />

<telerik:GridTemplateColumn>

<ItemTemplate>

<asp:CheckBox ID="chkActionStatus" runat="server" Checked='<%# Eval("chkstatus").ToString() == "1" %>' />

</ItemTemplate>

</telerik:GridTemplateColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn headertext="Action_id" datafield="Action_id" Visible="false" />

</Columns>

</telerik:GridTableView>

</DetailTables>

<Columns>

<telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderText="Group_ID" UniqueName="Group_ID" SortExpression="Group" Visible="false">

<ItemTemplate>

<asp:Label ID="lblGroupID" runat="server" Text='<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,"Group_ID")%>'></asp:Label>

</ItemTemplate>

</telerik:GridTemplateColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn DataField="Group_Name" HeaderText="Group Name" UniqueName="Group" >

</telerik:GridBoundColumn>

<telerik:GridBoundColumn DataField="Description" HeaderText="Group Description" UniqueName="Group_Descn" >

</telerik:GridBoundColumn>

</Columns>

<AlternatingItemStyle CssClass="InnerAlernatingItemStyle" />

</MasterTableView>

</telerik:RadGrid>

GridView Radio Button find and Selection

2010-01-12T05:54:00.001-08:00

foreach (GridViewRow grdrows in gviewInternalOrder.Rows)

{

RadioButton rdb;

rdb = (RadioButton)grdrows.FindControl("rdbSelect");

if (rdb != null)

{

if (rdb.Checked == true)

{

lblError.Text = "";

break;

}

else

{

lblError.Text = "";

lblError.Visible = true;

lblError.Text = "Select Radio Button";

}

}

}

GridView LinkButton with HyperLink

2010-01-12T05:50:00.000-08:00

protected void gviewInternalOrder_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)

{

if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)

{

LinkButton lnkrts = (LinkButton)e.Row.FindControl("lnkView");

if (lnkrts != null && e.Row.Cells[2].Text != "")

lnkrts.Attributes.Add("onclick", "window.open('../WF/RTSDetailView.aspx?RTS=" + e.Row.Cells[2].Text + "');");

}

}

Tips to improve the performance of your web application.

2009-12-16T13:42:00.000-08:00

1. Viewstate

View state is wonder mechanism which shows the details of entry which posted on the server. Every time its get loaded from the server. This option looks like extra feature for the end users. This needs to be loaded from the server and it adds more size to the page But it will affect the performance when we have many controls in the page like user registration. So, if it is no need then it can be disabled.

EnableViewState = "false" needs to be given based on the requirement. It can be given at the control, page and config level settings.

2. Avoid Session and Application Variables

Session is storage mechanism which helps the developers to take the value across the pages. It will be stored based on the session state chosen. By default it will be stored in the Inproc. That default settings uses the IIS. When use this Session variable in a page, which is accessed by many numbers then it will occupy more memory allocation and gives addition overhead to the IIS. It will make the slow performance.

Most of the scenarios it can be avoided. If you want to send the information across the pages then we can use Cross Post back, Query string with encrypted. If you want to store the information with in the page, then cache object is best way.

3. Use Caching

ASP.Net has the very significant feature of caching mechanism. It gives more performance and avoids the client/server process. There are three types of caching in ASP.Net.

If there is any static content in the full pages then it should be used the Output cache. What it does, it stores the content on IIS. When the page is request it will load immediately from the IIS for the certain period of time. Similarly Fragment paging can be used for store the part of web page.

4. Effectively use CSS and Script files

If you have big CSS files which used for the entire site different pages, then based on the requirement it can be spitted and stored with different names. It will minimize the loading time of the pages.

5. Images sizes

Over use of images in the web site affect the web page performance. It takes time to load the images especially on dial up connections. Instead of using the background images, it can be achieved on the CSS colors or use light weight images to repeat in the entire pages.

6. CSS based layout

The entire web page design controlled by the CSS using the div tags instead of table layout. It increases the page loading performance dramatically. It will help to enforce same standard guideline throughout the website. It will reduce the future changes easily. When we use the nested table layout it takes more time for rendering.

7. Avoid Round trips

We can avoid unnecessary database hits to load the unchanged content in the database. We should use IsPostBack method to avoid round trips to database.

8. Validate using JavaScript

Manual validation can be done at the client browser instead of doing at the server side. The JavaScript help us to do the validation at the client side. This will reduce the additional overhead to the server.

The plug-in software helps to disable the coding in the client browser. So, the sensitive application should to the server side validation before go into the process.

9. Clear the Garbage Collection

Normally .Net application use the Garbage collection to clean the unused the resources from the memory. But it takes own time to clear the unused objects from the memory.

There are lots of ways to clean the unused the resource. But not all the methods recommended. But we can use dispose method in the finally block to clean the resources. More over we have to close the connection. It will immediately free the resources and gives spaces in the memory.

10. Avoid bulk data store on client side

Try to avoid more data on the client side. It will affect the web page loading. When we store more data on the hidden control then it will encrypt and store on the client side. It can be tamper by hackers as well.

11. Implement Dynamic Paging

When we load bulk number of records in server data controls like GridView, DataList, and ListView it will take time to load. So we can show only the current page data through the dynamic paging.

12. Use Stored Procedure

Try to use stored procedure maximum. It will increase the performance of the web pages. Because it is stored as complied object in the database and it uses the query execution plans. If you pass the query then it will make network query. In the stored procedure single line will be passed to the backend.

13. Use XML and XSLT

XML and XSLT will speed up the page performance. If the process is not more complex then it can be implemented in XSLT.

14. Use Dataset

The DataSet is not light weight when compare with DataReader. But it has the advantages of disconnected oriented architecture. The DataSet will consume lot of memory. Even though it can have more than one day. If you want to perform many operations while loading the page itself, then you can better go with DataSet. Once data is loaded into DataSet then it can be used later also.

15. Use String Builder in place of String

When we append the strings like mail formatting in server side, then we can use String Builder. If you use string for concatenation, what it does every time it create the new storage location for place that string. It occupies more spaces in memory. But if we use String Builder class in C# it consumes more memory space than String.

16. Use Server.Transfer

If you want to transfer the page with in the current server then we can use the Server.Transfer method. It avoids roundtrips between the browser and server. But it won't update the browser history.

17. Use Threads

Thread is important mechanism in the programming language to utilize the system resources effectively. When we want to do background process then it can be called as background process.

Consider an example, when click on send, it should sends the mail to 5 lakhs members that time no need to wait for all the process completion. Just call the mail sending process as background thread then go ahead for the further process. Because this mail sending not depend on the any other process.

18. Disable Session State

Disable Session State if you’re not going to use it. By default it’s on. You can actually turn this off for specific pages, instead of for every page:

<%@ Page language="c#" Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.cs"

AutoEventWireup="false" Inherits="WebApplication1.WebForm1"

EnableSessionState="false" %>

You can also disable it across the application in the web.config by setting the <sessionState> mode value to Off.

19. Output Buffering

Take advantage of this great feature. Basically batch all of your work on the server, and then run a Response.Flush method to output the data. This avoids chatty back and forth with the server.

<%response.buffer=true%>

Then use:

<%response.flush=true%>

20. Avoid Server-Side Validation

Try to avoid server-side validation, use client-side instead. Server-Side will just consume valuable resources on your servers, and cause more chat back and forth.

21. Repeater Control Good, DataList, DataGrid, and DataView controls Bad

Asp.net is a great platform, unfortunately a lot of the controls that were developed are heavy in html, and create not the greatest scaleable html from a performance standpoint. ASP.net repeater control is awesome! Use it! You might write more code, but you will thank me in the long run!

22. Take advantage of HttpResponse.IsClientConnected before performing a large operation:

if (Response.IsClientConnected)

{

// If still connected, redirect

// to another page.

Response.Redirect("Page2CS.aspx", false);

}

What is wrong with Response.Redirect? Read on

23. Use HTTPServerUtility.Transfer instead of Response.Redirect

Redirects are also very chatty. They should only be used when you are transferring people to another physical web server. For any transfers within your server, use .transfer! You will save a lot of needless HTTP requests.

24. Always check Page.IsValid when using Validator Controls

So you’ve dropped on some validator controls, and you think your good to go because ASP.net does everything for you! Right? Wrong! All that happens if bad data is received is the IsValid flag is set to false. So make sure you check Page.IsValid before processing your forms!

25. Deploy with Release Build

Make sure you use Release Build mode and not Debug Build when you deploy your site to production. If you think this doesn’t matter, think again. By running in debug mode, you are creating PDB’s and cranking up the timeout. Deploy Release mode and you will see the speed improvements.

26. Turn off Tracing

Tracing is awesome, however have you remembered to turn it off? If not, make sure you edit your web.config and turn it off! It will add a lot of overhead to your application that is not needed in a production environment.

<system.web>

</system.web>

</configuration>

27. Page.IsPostBack is your friend

Make sure you don’t execute code needlessly. I don’t know how many web developers forget about checking IsPostBack! It seems like such a basic thing to me! Needless processing!

28. Avoid Exceptions

Avoid throwing exceptions, and handling useless exceptions. Exceptions are probably one of the heaviest resource hogs and causes of slowdowns you will ever see in web applications, as well as windows applications. Write your code so they don’t happen! Don’t code by exception!

29. Caching is possibly the number one tip!

Use Quick Page Caching and the ASP.net Cache API! Lots to learn, its not as simple as you might think. There is a lot of strategy involved here. When do you cache? what do you cache?

30. Create Per-Request Cache

Use HTTPContect.Items to add single page load to create a per-request cache.

31. StringBuilder

StringBuilder.Append is faster than String + String. However in order to use StringBuilder, you must

new StringBuilder()

Therefore it is not something you want to use if you don’t have large strings. If you are concatenating less than 3 times, then stick with String + String. You can also try String.Concat

32. Turn off ViewState

If you are not using form postback, turn off viewsate, by default, controls will turn on viewsate and slow your site.

public ShowOrdersTablePage()

{

this.Init += new EventHandler(Page_Init);

}

private void Page_Init(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

this.EnableViewState = false;

}

33. Use Paging

Take advantage of paging’s simplicity in .net. Only show small subsets of data at a time, allowing the page to load faster. Just be careful when you mix in caching. How many times do you hit the page 2, or page 3 button? Hardly ever right! So don’t cache all the data in the grid! Think of it this way: How big would the first search result page be for “music” on Google if they cached all the pages from 1 to goggle

34. Use the AppOffline.htm when updating binaries

I hate the generic asp.net error messages! If I never had to see them again I would be so happy. Make sure your users never see them! Use the AppOffline.htm file!

35. Use ControlState and not ViewState for Controls

If you followed the last tip, you are probably freaking out at the though of your controls not working. Simply use Control State. Microsoft has an excellent example of using ControlState here, as I will not be able to get into all the detail in this short article.

36. Use the Finally Method

If you have opened any connections to the database, or files, etc, make sure that you close them at the end! The Finally block is really the best place to do so, as it is the only block of code that will surely execute.

37. Option Strict and Option Explicit

This is an oldy, and not so much a strictly ASP.net tip, but a .net tip in general. Make sure you turn BOTH on. You should never trust .net or any compiler to perform conversions for you. That’s just shady programming, and low quality code anyway. If you have never turned both on, go turn them on right now and try and compile. Fix all your errors.

When should use struct

2009-12-16T13:14:00.000-08:00

1. Struct are value type and stored on stack while class are reference type and store on heap.
2. Struct do not support inheritance while class supports inheritance, However struct can implements interface.
3. Struct should be used when you want to use a small data structure while class is better choice for complex data structure.
4. The fourth significant difference between class objects and struct objects refers to constructors. Constructors are supported by structs in the C# language, and you can define constructors for structs in exactly the same manner as you would for classes. If you are not familiar with constructors, they are methods with the same name as the struct or class. However, the only exception with struct constructors is that you are not permitted to define a constructor that takes no arguments.
5. By default, Structure data members are public but class data members are private.
6. In Structure we can’t declare any default constructor explicitly because it provides by .net framework. But in class we can declare default constructor explicitly.
7. It is not mandatory to initialize all Fields inside the constructor of a class. But all the Fields of a struct must be fully initialized inside the constructor.
8. Struct object is allocated in the stack, and the class object is allocated in the heap.
Now, Struct are good for simple things like Point, which would have an int/float for each dimension which could be 2-3 dimension, or a set of variables which don't change through out...
On the other hand, classes are used to have multiple instances of the set Of variables (any others) , but struct always have a single set.

Lets say ,

you need  keep x, y co-ordinate information, to this struct is best other than class.

Struct Point

    public int x;

    public int y;

    public Point(int x, int y)

        this.x = x;

        this.y = y;

    public Point Add(Point pt)

        Point newPt;

        newPt.x = x + pt.x;

        newPt.y = y + pt.y;

        return newPt;

Class:

for example you need employee detail.so that time class is best choice other than struct.

public class Employee

        string name;

        string address;

        string email;

SQL Server Reporting Services General Topics

2009-12-13T14:48:00.000-08:00

1: How to migrate SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services to another computer?

Themigration process for Reporting Services includes manual and automatedsteps. The following tasks are part of a report server migration:

1. Back up database, application, and configuration files.

2. Back up the encryption key.

3. Installa new instance of SQL Server 2008. If you are using the same hardware,you can install SQL Server 2008 side-by-side your existing SQL Server2000 or 2005 installation. Be aware that if you do this, you might needto install SQL Server 2008 as a named instance.

4. Movethe report server database and other application files from your SQLServer 2000 or 2005 installation to your new SQL Server 2008installation.

5. Move any custom application files to the new installation.

6. Configure the report server.

7. Edit RSReportServer.config to include any custom settings from your previous installation.

8. Optionally, configure custom Access Control Lists (ACLs) for the new Reporting Services Windows service group.

9. Test your installation.

10. Remove unused applications and tools after you have confirmed that the new instance is fully operational.

Ifyou are reusing an existing report server database that you created ina previous installation, be aware that there are restrictions on theeditions of SQL Server you use to host the report server database.

2: How to combine connecting string via parameter?

You can include parameter referencein the data source connection string and allow the user to choose adata source for the report. For example, with an expression-basedconnection string, a user who is running a sales report can select adata source for a particular county before running the report.
The following example illustrates the use of a data sourceexpression in a SQL Server connection string. The example assumes youhave created a report parameter named ServerName:
="Data Source=" & Parameters! ServerName.Value & "; initial catalog=AdventureWorks"

3: Error of EXECUTE permission denied on object 'xp_sqlagent_notify'.

Problem:

In some special cases, you may receive the following error when trying to select the option execution from a report:

EXECUTE permission denied on object 'xp_sqlagent_notify', database '######', schema '###'.

Cause:

Usually, this error is caused by the user missing the "RSExecRole" role in the Master and MSDB system databases.

Solution:

ReportingServices uses a predefined database role called "RSExecRole" to grantreport server permissions to the report server database. If you get theerror mentioned above, try to create and provision the "RSExecRole"role in Master and MSDB system database.

4: How to enable anonymous access to Report Server, and is there any security consideration?

Pleasenote that when using anonymous access, every person accesses thereports under the anonymous user context, and no one will have rightsto administer Reporting Services through Report Manager. This is thereason why it is not recommended to use anonymous access in ReportingServices.

Inorder to differentiate between users, we need to either disableanonymous access or use a custom security extension. We have a sampleusing Forms Authentication:

Using Forms Authentication in Reporting Services

Insome special situations, it may be necessary to use anonymous access.For security considerations, we can use the steps as below:

1. Add the anonymous user to the System User role

2. Createan Item-level role with all of the tasks you want this user to be ableto use, and then assign the anonymous user to that role at the rootlevel.

3. Check permissions for the anonymous user on folders that SRS uses:

For example:
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\Reporting Services (and subfolders)

C:\<windows>\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v1.1.4322\Temporary ASP.NET Files

The temp folder for the anonymous user

Note:Step1 & Step2 can be accomplished through Report Manager only ifanonymous access is disabled and the logged-on user is a member of theSystem Administrator role.

5: How to create a custom report template in Reporting Services?

Areport template also exists as a normal report (RDL file). If you wantto customize your own report templates, you can put the previouslyprepared reports (which will be used as new templates) in a specificfolder. By default, the path is:

C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\PrivateAssemblies\ProjectItems\ReportProject

Then,to use these templates, you can right click on the Reports folder inyour project and select New Item. You will then see the name of thereport templates you added in the above folder.

6: Does SQL Server 2005 Reporting Services support horizontal tables which have fixed rows and dynamic columns?

Note: This Q&A is only for SQL Server 2005 Reporting Services.

By default, there is no native "horizontal table" report item. We can use Matrix to simulate simple horizontal tables:

1. Add a matrix to your report.

2. Add static rows to the matrix: Right-click in the Data cell and select "Add Row". Repeat for the number of fixed rows you want.

3. Drag fields into the Data cells:

You'llnotice that the design tool automatically wraps your field reference inthe "First" aggregate (e.g. =First(Fields!City.Value)). Since you'redoing this in the context of a matrix, the design tool is ensuring thatthe expression is meaningful even in the context of a subtotal or ifthe matrix is showing aggregated data rather than detail data.

Note: Please do NOT remove the aggregate expression.

4. Add a column grouping:

1) Right-click on the column header and select "Edit Group".

2)Enter this for the group expression: =RowNumber(Nothing). This willcause the matrix to give you one column per row of data. Sincehorizontal tables can end up rather wide, you may want your table wraparound to the next "line" after a specific number of columns.

5. Add a list to your report and drag the table into it.

6. Group by a number of rows:

1) Right-click on the list and select Properties. Then click on Edit Details Group.
2) Enter this for the group expression: =Ceiling(RowNumber(Nothing)/3)

This will cause the list to group on every three rows. So you'll get a separate table for every three rows.

7. Adjust the group expression in the matrix:

Editthe column group expression in your matrix and change the RowNumberargument to be the list group name. For example:=RowNumber("list1_Details_Group")

7: How to reset the page number back to 1 every time the report gets a group break?

Resettingthe page number on group breaks is not natively supported. There is aworkaround: you can track group breaks in a shared variable, and resetthis variable to 1 when reaches a new group break.

Here are the steps:

1. Make sure there's a textbox in the report which contains the group expression.

2. Add shared variables to track the current group and page offset:

Shared offset as Integer

Shared currentgroup as Object

3. Add a custom function to set the shared variables and retrieve the group page number:

Public Function GetGroupPageNumber(group as Object, pagenumber as Integer) as Object

If Not (group = currentgroup)

offset = pagenumber - 1

currentgroup = group

End If

Return pagenumber - offset

End Function

4. Use the function in the page header or footer:

=Code.GetGroupPageNumber(ReportItems!Category.Value,Globals!PageNumber)

8: How to open the drill- through report in a new browser window?

Generally,if you use the "Jump to URL" option for a textbox, it will redirect tothe specific URL in the same browser when the user clicks on thetextbox.

To open the link in a new window, you can use syntax similar to this:

="javascript:void window.open ('http://servername/reportserver?/frepor

9: How to verify the version of SQL Server?

There are a few ways to verify the version of SQL Server.

Method1. You can run a query "SELECT @@VERSION" and note the version numberreturned in the string. SQL Server 2005 SP1 would return something likethe following:

Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.2047.00 (Intel X86)

Sep 22 2006 23:44:32

Enterprise Edition on Windows NT 5.2 (Build 3790: Service Pack 1)

Method 2. you can also look at the file version for sqlservr.exe.

Method3. If you look in Add\Remove Programs, you would also see an entry forService Pack 1 for SQL Server <component name>. Each patchedcomponent would have its own entry. Please note that you will need toselect the "Show Updates" check box in the Add\Remove Programs dialog.

Method 4. You can check the registry keys and values under:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server

Thereare several other areas that contain version information. Sharedcomponents generally have a Setup sub-key under"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\90\<Component>". For example:

...\90\DTS\Setup

...\90\Tools\Setup

...\90\NS\Setup

Thenfor each instance of SQL\Analysis Services\Reporting Services, you canlook under the instance specific key. These keys are numbered asMSSQL.x (where x is the instance number). These are created in theorder of installation. So if you have only a single instance of SQLServer, the instance key would be MSSQL.1. Under each instance keyyou'll find a Setup key as well.

In all cases, the Setup sub-key contains a value of PatchLevel, which equals the version of the instance.

For example, for SQL Server 2005 RTM, the value should be 9.0.1399, and SP1 would be 9.0.2047.

10: How to use multiple datasets?

You can combine two or more datasets in one report. There are multiple options to achieve this:

· If the data comes from different tables in the same database, join the datasets based on a common key present in both tables.

· Use the Linked Server functionality.

For more information, see Accessing External Data

· Use the OpenRowSet functionality to join data from another database server into the current query.

11: How to upgrade report from SQL Server 2000 to SQL Server 2005?

You can use the following steps:

1. Back up ReportServer and ReportServerTemDB.

2. Back up encryption keys from Reporting services 2000 by using RsKeyMgmt.

3. Restore the databases backed up from step 1.

4. Connect to newly restored databases from step 3 from Reporting Services 2005 Configuration manager and database setup.

5. By using the provided credentials, Reporting Services will connect to new databases and perform the upgrade operations.

6. Confirm Reporting services upgrading the database and granting adequate rights to the credential account.

7. Restore backed up keys from step 2. Confirm that everything is displayed as green now.

12: Out of memory error when exporting reports to Excel.

Problem:

We may encounter Out of memory error when exporting reports to Excel.

Cause:

Generally, this kind problem is complicated. There are some possible factors that may cause this issue:

1. On the x86 platform using the /3GB switch, the OS makes about 1.8 GB (maximum) available to be shared by all applications.

2. The.NET Framework 1.1/2.0 supports the use of the /3GB switch. However, itmust share the OS-imposed limit of approximately 1.8 GB memory.

3. Usingthe /3GB switch cuts down the amount non-paged pool (NPP) memoryHTTP.SYS (a kernel-mode driver IIS 6.0) uses to manage its connections,to 128 MB from 250 MB. This could negatively impact performance of IIS,should other sites be hosted on the server.

4. NETapplications (of which SSRS is one) typically encounter out-of-memoryissues at approximately 1.1 GB (+/- a wide margin, depending on manyfactors).

5. SSRS currently uses in-memory data caching and rendering; a “streaming” design
needed to process extremely large reports simply does not exist at this time.

Solution:

You may try the following suggestions first:

1. Please refer to this KB: You may receive the "System.OutOfMemoryException" error message when you use SQL Server Reporting Services

2. Break the report to get smaller amount of data.

3. You can try using a 64-bit machine which doesn't have limitation of 2GB of usermode space.

4. Youcan test /3GB switch (of course not recommended on a production server)which allows to allocate 1GB to Kernel mode and 3GB to user mode.
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/library/ServerHelp/927bfe25-1705-4b60-91d4-2ed64d6aa85f.mspx

5. Ingeneral the 3GB switch should be used only for testing purposes sincethis setting shrinks the available address space for the Kernel mode.Below is a KB article that briefly talks about this:
A description of the 4 GB RAM Tuning feature and the Physical Address Extension
switch

6. Ensure that the Memory recycling checkboxes are unchecked for the SSRS app pool in IIS.

Note: Excel rendering is improved in the Reporting Services 2008 and this issue may not occur in Reporting Services 2008.

13: How to improve PDF quality of the report exported in Reporting Services 2005?

ThePDF renderer in Reporting Services 2005 resizes all images that it isgiven at 96 DPI no matter what DPI the image is when you pass it to therenderer. That means that a 300 DPI image or even a 600 DPI image willbe sized in the PDF as if it is only 96 DPI. In other words, your highDPI image may render larger than expected.

Despitesizing the images as if they were 96 DPI, the PDF renderer appears torender higher DPI images at a higher quality than 96 DPI. Even if thesizing being wrong, the image actually is rendering at a higher quality.

Anecessary workaround is to size the image to the proper number ofinches based on 96 DPI calculations. Then use Bitmap.SetResolution toset the images to at least 300 DPI. That mayprovide a higher quality image that is the proper number of pixels tofit properly in the report.

14: How to enable the Select All option for a multi-value parameter?

Problem:

Whena user defines an available values list for a multi-value parameter, aSelect ALL option on the report parameter drop-down list automaticallyappears. However, if you don’t want to make the parameter multi-value,how to enable the Select All option for the query parameter?

Solution:

Sincethe single-value query parameter does not provide the Select Alloption, you cannot query the data without any limitations. Sometimes,the end user may want to ignore the condition for the parameterizedquery. In this case, you can add the "Select All" option to theparameter dataset by using SQL statement.

Here are the detailed steps:

Create a dataset for the parameter using the following query string:

SELECT ‘ALL’

UNION ALL

SELECT Field from table

Edit your base dataset query:

The original query:

… AND Field=@Parameter…

Change it to this:

…AND (( Field=@Parameter ))OR(@Parameter=’ALL’))…

Set the report parameter.

1) Set the available values as the field created in Step 1.

2) Set the default value of parameter to All.

SQL Server Reporting Services(SSRS) Interview Questions

2009-12-13T14:28:00.000-08:00

   1. Explain the flow from a report request to report delivery.
   2. Where does connection string of a report exists? Can we read it?
   3. Where does reporting services stands as a BI tool compared to BO, Cognos, Crystal       reports,    Hyperion etc?
   4. What is Subreport control used for?
   5. What is the difference between Matrix control & Table control?
    SSRS provide table and matrix control to let user populate data in different scenario. Table control let user to populate simple format of data where fixed columns applied and rows grow dynamically. Matrix provide more powerful features where it columns and rows can be dynamically grow. In that case, writing a store procedure to support a matrix become easier in some scenarios.
This solution seems pretty simple and straight forward. However, this will only work fines if you have small set of record in your tables. If you have hundred thousand of records with >20 type of products in your table, this solution no longer perfect. You will be facing performance issues. Yes, Matrix control very slow when deal with large amount of data.
So far, I don’t see any other solutions except convert it to table control. However, converting to table control required rewrite on the source SP. This seems a bit difficult but actually can be done via sample SP below:
Using Matrix Control, I can’t get my report after waiting for an hour. However, with the new query using table control, I manage to get my result within 5 minutes. So, think carefully before using matrix control

   6. What are the different aggregate functions available in SSRS?
   7. How to change the format of the currency field?
   8. What are report parameters?
   9. What are the different types of parameters used in SSRS, explain each one of them.
10. How to add a cascading parameter to a report?
11. How to create a drilldown report? Explain the steps.
12. How to add page breaks in a report?
13. What is data driven subscription? How to implement this?
14. What services in windows need to run for SSRS to run properly?
15. What is the report history in SSRS manager means? How to enable history?
16. Explain the security architecture of SSRS
17. Mention some of the in built security roles in SSRS
18. Why do we use Reporting services configuration manager tool? What are the tasks we       achieve in this?

C# Interview Question

2009-12-06T21:25:00.000-08:00

General Questions

Does C# support multiple-inheritance?
No.
Who is a protected class-level variable available to?
It is available to any sub-class (a class inheriting this class).
Are private class-level variables inherited?
Yes, but they are not accessible. Although they are not visible or accessible via the class interface, they are inherited.
Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”.
It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified base class.
What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from?
System.Object.
What does the term immutable mean?
The data value may not be changed. Note: The variable value may be changed, but the original immutable data value was discarded and a new data value was created in memory.
What’s the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?
System.String is immutable. System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?
StringBuilder is more efficient in cases where there is a large amount of string manipulation. Strings are immutable, so each time a string is changed, a new instance in memory is created.
Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
No.
What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
TheClone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containingall the elements in the original array. The CopyTo() method copies theelements into another existing array. Both perform a shallow copy. Ashallow copy means the contents (each array element) containsreferences to the same object as the elements in the original array. Adeep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a newinstance of each element's object, resulting in a different, yetidentacle object.
How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
What’s the .NET collection class that allows an element to be accessed using a unique key?
HashTable.
What class is underneath the SortedList class?
A sorted HashTable.
Will the finally block get executed if an exception has not occurred?
Yes.
What’s the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?
Acatch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. Youcan also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch{}.
Can multiple catch blocks be executed for a single try statement?
No. Once the proper catch block processed, control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any).
Explain the three services model commonly know as a three-tier application.
Presentation (UI), Business (logic and underlying code) and Data (from storage or other sources).

Class Questions

What is the syntax to inherit from a class in C#?
Place a colon and then the name of the base class.
Example: class MyNewClass : MyBaseClass
Can you prevent your class from being inherited by another class?
Yes. The keyword “sealed” will prevent the class from being inherited.
Can you allow a class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?
Yes. Just leave the class public and make the method sealed.
What’s an abstract class?
A class that cannot be instantiated. An abstract class is a class that must be inherited and have the methods overridden. An abstract class is essentially a blueprint for a class without any implementation.
When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract?
1. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been overridden.
2. When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract.
What is an interface class?
Interfaces,like classes, define a set of properties, methods, and events. Butunlike classes, interfaces do not provide implementation. They areimplemented by classes, and defined as separate entities from classes.
Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?
They all must be public, and are therefore public by default.
Can you inherit multiple interfaces?
Yes. .NET does support multiple interfaces.
What happens if you inherit multiple interfaces and they have conflicting method names?
It’sup to you to implement the method inside your own class, soimplementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problemon a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from differentinterfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’reokay.
To Do: Investigate
What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class?
In an interface class, all methods are abstract - there is no implementation. In an abstract class some methods can be concrete. In an interface class, no accessibility modifiers are allowed. An abstract class may have accessibility modifiers.
What is the difference between a Struct and a Class?
Structsare value-type variables and are thus saved on the stack, additionaloverhead but faster retrieval. Another difference is that structs cannot inherit.

Method and Property Questions

What’s the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the set method/property of a class?
Value. The data type of the value parameter is defined by whatever data type the property is declared as.
What does the keyword “virtual” declare for a method or property?
The method or property can be overridden.
How is method overriding different from method overloading?
When overriding a method, you change the behavior of the method for the derived class. Overloading a method simply involves having another method with the same name within the class.
Can you declare an override method to be static if the original method is not static?
No. The signature of the virtual method must remain the same. (Note: Only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override)
What are the different ways a method can be overloaded?
Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.
If a base class has a number of overloadedconstructors, and an inheriting class has a number of overloadedconstructors; can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to aspecific base constructor?
Yes, just place a colon, andthen keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriateconstructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside theinherited class.

Events and Delegates

What’s a delegate?
A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method.
What’s a multicast delegate?
A delegate that has multiple handlers assigned to it. Each assigned handler (method) is called.

XML Documentation Questions

Is XML case-sensitive?
Yes.
What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
Single-line comments, multi-line comments, and XML documentation comments.
How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler?
Compile it with the /doc switch.

Debugging and Testing Questions

What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK?
1. CorDBG – command-line debugger. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
2. DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR.
What does assert() method do?
In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.
What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class?
Documentation looks the same. Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.
Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?
The tracing dumps can be quite verbose. For applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive. Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing you to fine-tune the tracing activities.
Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected?
To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.
How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application?
Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.
What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing?
1.       Positive test cases (correct data, correct output).
2.       Negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling).
3.       Exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).
Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application?
Yes. If you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.

ADO.NET and Database Questions

What is the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections?
Itreturns a read-only, forward-only rowset from the data source. ADataReader provides fast access when a forward-only sequential read isneeded.

What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft-provided data provider classes in ADO.NET?
SQLServer.NETdata provider is high-speed and robust, but requires SQL Server licensepurchased from Microsoft. OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing othersources, like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix. OLE-DB.NET is a .NET layer on top of the OLE layer, so it’s not as fastest and efficient as SqlServer.NET.
What is the wildcard character in SQL?
Let’s say you want to query database with LIKE for all employees whose name starts with La. The wildcard character is %, the proper query with LIKE would involve ‘La%’.
Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions.
A transaction must be:
1.       Atomic - it is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions.
2.       Consistent - data is either committed or roll back, no “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t.
3.       Isolated - no transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction).
4.       Durable - the values persist if the data had been committed even if the system crashes right after.
What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support?
Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) and SQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server username and password).
Between Windows Authentication and SQL Server Authentication, which one is trusted and which one is untrusted?
WindowsAuthentication is trusted because the username and password are checkedwith the Active Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted,since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in the transaction.
What does the Initial Catalog parameter define in the connection string?
The database name to connect to.
What does the Dispose method do with the connection object?
Deletes it from the memory.
To Do: answer better. The current answer is not entirely correct.
What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling?
Multipleprocesses must agree that they will share the same connection, whereevery parameter is the same, including the security settings. The connection string must be identical.

Assembly Questions

How is the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET?
Assemblyversioning allows the application to specify not only the library itneeds to run (which was available under Win32), but also the version ofthe assembly.
What are the ways to deploy an assembly?
An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.
What is a satellite assembly?
Whenyou write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, andwant to distribute the core application separately from the localizedmodules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application arecalled satellite assemblies.
What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application?
System.Globalization and System.Resources.
What is the smallest unit of execution in .NET?
an Assembly.
When should you call the garbage collector in .NET?
Asa good rule, you should not call the garbage collector. However,you could call the garbage collector when you are done using a largeobject (or set of objects) to force the garbage collector to dispose ofthose very large objects from memory. However, this is usually not agood practice.
How do you convert a value-type to a reference-type?
Use Boxing.
What happens in memory when you Box and Unbox a value-type?
Boxingconverts a value-type to a reference-type, thus storing the object onthe heap. Unboxing converts a reference-type to a value-type, thusstoring the value on the stack.

Net Data Structures

2009-12-05T20:12:00.000-08:00

Array - represents an old-school memory array - kind of like a alias for a normal type[] array. Can enumerate. Can't grow automatically. I would assume very fast insertion and retriv. speed.
ArrayList - automatically growing array. Adds more overhead. Can enum., probably slower than a normal array but still pretty fast. These are used a lot in .NET
List - one of my favs - can be used with generics, so you can have a strongly typed array, e.g. List<string>. Other than that, acts very much like ArrayList.
Hashtable - plain old hashtable. O(1) to O(n) worst case. Can enumerate the value and keys properties, and do key/val pairs.
Dictionary - same as above only strongly typed via generics, such as Dictionary<string, string>
SortedList - a sorted generic list. Slowed on insertion since it has to figure out where to put things. Can enum., probably the same on retrieval since it doesn't have to resort, but deletion will be slower than a plain old list.
I tend to use List and <Dictionary all the time - once you start using them strongly typed with generics, its really hard to go back to the standard non-generic ones.
There are lots of other data structures too - there's KeyValuePair which you can use to do some interesting things, there's a SortedDictionary which can be useful as well.

If at all possible, use generics. This includes:

List instead of ArrayList
Dictionary instead of HashTable
List is a generic implementation of ArrayList.
Dictionary is a generic implementation of Hashtable.

Arrays are a fixed size collection that you can change the value stored at a given index.

SortedDictionary is an IDictionary that is sorted based on the keys. SortedList is an IDictionary that is sorted based on a required IComparer.

So, the IDictionary implementations (those supporting KeyValuePairs) are: * Hashtable * Dictionary * SortedList * SortedDictionary

Another collection that was added in .NET 3.5 is the Hashset. It is a collection that supports set operations.

Also, the LinkedList is a standard linked-list implementation (the List is an array-list for faster retrieval).

The generic collections will perform better than their non-generic counterparts, especially when iterating through many items. This is because boxing and unboxing no longer occurs.

HashSet

The HashSet(T) class provides high performance set operations. A set is a collection that contains no duplicate elements, and whose elements are in no particular order.
The capacity of a HashSet(T) object is the number of elements that the object can hold. A HashSet(T) object's capacity automatically increases as elements are added to the object.

SortedList

Represents a collection of key/value pairs that are sorted by the keys and are accessible by key and by index.

A SortedList element can be accessed by its key, like an element in any IDictionary implementation, or by its index, like an element in any IList implementation.

A SortedList object internally maintains two arrays to store the elements of the list; that is, one array for the keys and another array for the associated values. Each element is a key/value pair that can be accessed as a DictionaryEntry object. A key cannot be nullNothingnullptra null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), but a value can be.

The capacity of a SortedList object is the number of elements the SortedList can hold. As elements are added to a SortedList, the capacity is automatically increased as required through reallocation. The capacity can be decreased by calling TrimToSize or by setting the Capacity property explicitly.

The elements of a SortedList object are sorted by the keys either according to a specific implementation specified when the IComparerSortedList is created or according to the IComparable implementation provided by the keys themselves. In either case, a SortedList does not allow duplicate keys.

The index sequence is based on the sort sequence. When an element is added, it is inserted into SortedList in the correct sort order, and the indexing adjusts accordingly. When an element is removed, the indexing also adjusts accordingly. Therefore, the index of a specific key/value pair might change as elements are added or removed from the SortedList object.

Operations on a SortedList object tend to be slower than operations on a Hashtable object because of the sorting. However, the SortedList offers more flexibility by allowing access to the values either through the associated keys or through the indexes.

Elements in this collection can be accessed using an integer index. Indexes in this collection are zero-based.

The foreach statement of the C# language (for each in Visual Basic) requires the type of each element in the collection. Since each element of the SortedList object is a key/value pair, the element type is not the type of the key or the type of the value. Rather, the element type is DictionaryEntry.

A SortedList object can support multiple readers concurrently, as long as the collection is not modified. To guarantee the thread safety of the SortedList, all operations must be done through the wrapper returned by the Synchronized method.

Enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.

LinkedList

LinkedList(T) is a general-purpose linked list. It supports enumerators and implements the ICollection interface, consistent with other collection classes in the .NET Framework.

LinkedList(T) provides separate nodes of type LinkedListNode(T), so insertion and removal are O(1) operations.

You can remove nodes and reinsert them, either in the same list or in another list, which results in no additional objects allocated on the heap. Because the list also maintains an internal count, getting the Count property is an O(1) operation.

Each node in a LinkedList(T) object is of the type LinkedListNode(T). Because the LinkedList(T) is doubly linked, each node points forward to the Next node and backward to the Previous node.

Lists that contain reference types perform better when a node and its value are created at the same time. LinkedList(T) accepts null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) as a valid Value property for reference types and allows duplicate values.

If the LinkedList(T) is empty, the First and Last properties contain null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).

The LinkedList(T) class does not support chaining, splitting, cycles, or other features that can leave the list in an inconsistent state. The list remains consistent on a single thread. The only multithreaded scenario supported by LinkedList(T) is multithreaded read operations.

Linked lists are preferable over arrays when:

a) you need constant-time insertions/deletions from the list (such as in real-time computing where time predictability is absolutely critical)

b) you don't know how many items will be in the list. With arrays, you may need to re-declare and copy memory if the array grows too big

c) you don't need random access to any elements

d) you want to be able to insert items in the middle of the list (such as a priority queue)

Arrays are preferable when:

a) you need indexed/random access to elements

b) you know the number of elements in the array ahead of time so that you can allocate the correct amount of memory for the array

c) you need speed when iterating through all the elements in sequence. You can use pointer math on the array to access each element, whereas you need to lookup the node based on the pointer for each element in linked list, which may result in page faults which may result in performance hits.

d) memory is a concern. Filled arrays take up less memory than linked lists. Each element in the array is just the data. Each linked list node requires the data as well as one (or more) pointers to the other elements in the linked list.

Array Lists (like those in .Net) give you the benefits of arrays, but dynamically allocate resources for you so that you don't need to worry too much about list size and you can delete items at any index without any effort or re-shuffling elements around. Performance-wise, arraylists are slower than raw arrays

Dictionary

The Dictionary (TKey, TValue) generic class provides a mapping from a set of keys to a set of values. Each addition to the dictionary consists of a value and its associated key. Retrieving a value by using its key is very fast, close to O(1), because the Dictionary(TKey, TValue) class is implemented as a hash table.

As long as an object is used as a key in the Dictionary (TKey, TValue), it must not change in any way that affects its hash value. Every key in a Dictionary(TKey, TValue) must be unique according to the dictionary's equality comparer. A key cannot be null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), but a value can be, if the value type TValue is a reference type.

The capacity of a Dictionary (TKey, TValue) is the number of elements the Dictionary (TKey, TValue) can hold. As elements are added to a Dictionary (TKey, TValue), the capacity is automatically increased as required by reallocating the internal array.

For purposes of enumeration, each item in the dictionary is treated as a KeyValuePair(TKey, TValue) structure representing a value and its key. The order in which the items are returned is undefined.

How Arrays and Lists Access Information
Most arrays and lists retrieve information by scanning many values. If you had to search a list for the existence of a particular file, you would end up scanning many elements until you reached the element you are interested in. You may end up scanning every element, or if your search algorithm is more efficient, you may search a smaller subset of all elements.

The following image shows a n-item array/list with a value somewhere in the middle:

In order to find the cell containing your value, in the worst case, you have to scan all of the cells starting at position 1 and ending once you reach the position of your value. You may use a divide and conquer approach and find the result logarithmically, but even that is not the fastest approach. You are wasting computation cycles in scanning cells that do not contain the value. That is not the most efficient way of finding information when you have large amounts of data.

How Dictionaries/Hashtables Work
Dictionaries and Hashtables work by finding the exact location your value is stored and returning that value in constant time. In other words, no matter how large your collection of data, you will find an answer in a few steps. In our linear example, it would take many steps.

Here is a simplified view of how a dictionary/hashtable represents information:

As you have seen from declaring a Dictionary, when you add a value to a dictionary, you specify a key also. The key goes through some kind of transformation called hashing, and the output of this hashing operation is an index number of a location in an array-like structure commonly referred to as a bucket. Your value is added directly to the bucket referenced by your index number returned by the hash function.

Derived Tables in SQL

2009-12-05T20:06:00.000-08:00

 SELECT LastName, FirstName
 FROM
  (SELECT * FROM Employee
   WHERE State = "NY") AS EmployeeDerivedTable
 WHERE LastName = "Smith"
 ORDER BY FirstName

What we are doing is first getting the result set fromour derived table (the SELECT statement in the FROM clause). Once we havethat resultset, it is as though it was a table in itself. We then performthe SELECT on the derived table, returning our results.

Using TABLE Variables in SQL Server

2009-12-05T19:56:00.000-08:00

If you're using temporary tables and don't need transactions on thosetables and want better performance I'd strongly consider using tablevariables instead. Table variables were introduced in SQL Server 2000.

The only constraints you can use are PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE KEY, and NULL. The following script will work just fine in Northwind:

declare @TableVar table ( 
 NewPK int identity(1,1), 
 CustomerID nchar(5) NOT NULL  )

Insert Into @TableVar (CustomerID)
Select CustomerID
From Customers

Select Top 5 *
from @TableVar

When you create a temporary table (#TABLE) it physically creates the table in tempdb.This creates overhead. When you create a table variable it only resides in memory which means it's much faster. A table variable goes out ofscope immediate after the batch ends -- just like regular variables.This means you don't have to explicitly drop them at the end ofscripts.Using table variables also reduces the recompilations of your code. Also because they aren't physically written to the disk theyaren't impacted by transaction rollbacks.

Send a email message using SMTP

2009-12-05T19:12:00.000-08:00

public class EmailMessage

{

public string FromEmailAddress { get; set; }

public List<String> ToEmailAddresses { get; set; }

public List<String> CCEmailAddresses { get; set; }

public List<String> BCCEmailAddresses { get; set; }

public string Subject { get; set; }

public string MessageBody { get; set; }

}

public class EmailManager

{

/// <summary>

/// Send a email message using SMTP server configured in the config file.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="message"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

public static bool SendMail(EmailMessage message)

{

try

{

if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(message.FromEmailAddress) || (message.ToEmailAddresses.Count == 0) ||

String.IsNullOrEmpty(message.Subject) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(message.MessageBody))

throw new Exception("The message is incomplete. One or more of the parameters missing: From, To, Subject or Body.");

MailMessage newMsg = new MailMessage();

newMsg.From = new MailAddress(message.FromEmailAddress);

foreach (string toEmailId in message.ToEmailAddresses)

newMsg.To.Add(toEmailId);

if (message.CCEmailAddresses != null)

{

foreach (string ccEmailId in message.CCEmailAddresses)

newMsg.CC.Add(ccEmailId);

}

if (message.BCCEmailAddresses != null)

{

foreach (string bccEmailId in message.BCCEmailAddresses)

newMsg.Bcc.Add(bccEmailId);

}

newMsg.Subject = message.Subject;

newMsg.Body = message.MessageBody;

SmtpClient mailClient = new SmtpClient(); //Will use config file settings.

mailClient.Send(newMsg);

return true;

}

catch (Exception)

{

throw;

}

public bool SendMail(string fromEmailAddress, List<string> toEmailAddresses, string subject, string messageBody)

{

try

{

bool status = false;

EmailMessage message = new EmailMessage();

message.FromEmailAddress = "Mail@masoomsabri.com";

message.ToEmailAddresses = toEmailAddresses;

message.Subject = subject;

message.MessageBody = messageBody;

status = EmailManager.SendMail(message);

return status;

}

catch

{

return false;

}

Configure Web.Config file

<smtp>

</smtp>

</mailSettings>

Thread Interview Question

2009-11-29T12:34:00.000-08:00

1.What is Multi-tasking ?

The ability to execute more than one task at the same time, a task being a program. The terms multitasking and multiprocessing are often used interchangeably, although multiprocessing implies that more than one CPU is involved.
In multitasking, only one CPU is involved, but it switches from one program to another so quickly that it gives the appearance of executing all of the programs at the same time.

2.What is threading?

Each application/programthat is running in the system is a process. Each process consist of oneor more thread. These process can whole or part of the application/program. A thread is a set of instruction or specific section ofapplication that executes independently within the application orsystem. This can be also thought as the context in which code runs. Sothreads are basically light weight processes responsible formultitasking within a single application. Usually OS takes care ofscheduling and execution of various threads.

2.What is Multi threading?

When the system is buildon various threads to perform multiple tasks to achieve parallelism andimprove the efficiency of the system. This is the ability of any systemto do multiple tasks simultaneously. Threads are implement when thereare situations in which more then one task at a time need to becompleted.

Some of the benefits of threading are mentioned as follows:

Using threads the long duration tasks in application can be processed at the background
User interfacecan be made more appealing so that there is some task performed duringvarious events like when the user clicks button for the processing someaction a progress bar can be shown to show the progress of activity.
Speed of the application can be increased.
Threads can be useful in situations where there are gapsbetween tasks waiting for some event such as user input, file read, orreceipt of data over the network. During the situation we can releasevarious precious resources like memory usages etc

3.How does multi-threading work in .NET?
.NET has been designed from the start to support multi-threaded operation. There are two main ways of multi-threading which .NET encourages: starting your own threads with ThreadStart delegates, and using the ThreadPool class either directly (using ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem) or indirectly using asynchronous methods (such as Stream.BeginRead, or calling BeginInvoke on any delegate).
In general, you should create a new thread "manually" for long-running tasks, and use the thread pool only for brief jobs. The thread pool can only run so many jobs at once, and some framework classes use it internally, so you don't want to block it with a lot of tasks which need to block for other things. The examples in this article mostly use manual thread creation. On the other hand, for short-running tasks, particularly those created often, the thread pool is an excellent choic

Example:

using System;
using System.Threading;

public class Test
{
    static void Main()
    {
        ThreadStart job = new ThreadStart(ThreadJob);
        Thread thread = new Thread(job);
        thread.Start();
        
        for (int i=0; i < 5; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine ("Main thread: {0}", i);
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
        }
    }
    
    static void ThreadJob()
    {
        for (int i=0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine ("Other thread: {0}", i);
            Thread.Sleep(500);
        }
    }
}

Thread Pool

2009-11-29T09:04:00.000-08:00

Thread pool is basically collection of threads which can be used for preforming task in background. Using thread pool is a good practice over creating a new thread for you task. Whenever the task of a thread from thread pool is completed, then the thread is automatically returned back into the thread queue so that it can be re-used by other asynchronous requests. .NET provides inbuilt support for thread pool. Below is a simple example which will explain how can we use the thread pool.

using System;
using System.Threading;

namespace ThreadPoolTest
{
   class MainApp
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         WaitCallback callBack;

         callBack = new WaitCallback(PooledFunc);
         ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callBack,
            "Is there any screw left?");
         ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callBack,
            "How much is a 40W bulb?");
         ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callBack,
            "Decrease stock of monkey wrench");   
         Console.ReadLine();
      }

      static void PooledFunc(object state)
      {
         Console.WriteLine("Processing request '{0}'", (string)state);
         // Simulation of processing time
         Thread.Sleep(2000);
         Console.WriteLine("Request processed");
      }
   }
}

ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem Method

Queues a method for execution. The method executes when a thread pool thread becomes available.

QueueUserWorkItem(WaitCallback):Queues a method for execution. The method executes when a thread pool thread becomes available. QueueUserWorkItem(WaitCallback, Object) :Queues a method for execution, and specifies an object containing data to be used by the method. The method executes when a thread pool thread becomes available.

WorkerThreads
The worker threads are part of the standard System pool. They are standard threads managed by the .NET Framework and most of the functions are executed on them, specifically user requests (QueueUserWorkItem method), functions based on synchronization objects (RegisterWaitForSingleObject method), and timers (Timer classes).

LINQ Introduction

2009-11-28T18:13:00.000-08:00

What is the LINQ.

LINQ is uniform programming model for any kind of data.LINQ enables you to query and manipulate data with a consistent model that is independent from data sources.
LINQ is Just another tool for embedding SQL queries into code.
LINQ is yet another data abstraction layer.
LINQ is a set of extensions to the .NET Framework that encompass language-integrated query, set, and transform operations. It extends C# and Visual Basic with native language syntax for queries and provides class libraries to take advantage of these capabilities.

Example:

Each customer has own set of orders and each order has its own list of products.Using LINQ, We can get the list of products ordered by each customer in this way.

var query=from c in Customers

from o in c.Orders

select new { c.Name, o.Quantity, o.Product.ProductName };

LINQ implementations provided by Microsoft within NET 3.5.

LINQ to Objects
LINQ to ADO.NET(LINQ to SQL, LINQ to DataSet, LINQ to Entities)
LINQ to XML

WPF Interview Question II

2009-11-27T11:44:00.000-08:00

What Are Commands?

What makes commands different form a simple event handler attached to a button or a timer is that commands separate the semantics of an action from its logic. This allows for multiple and disparate sources to invoke the same command logic, and allows the command logic to be customized for different targets.

Four Main Concepts in WPF Commanding

The routed command model in WPF can be broken up into four main concepts: the command, the command source, the command target, and the command binding. The command is the action to be executed. The command source is the object which invokes the command. The command target is the object that the command is being executed on. And finally, the command binding is the object which maps the command logic to the command.

"<StackPanel>
  <Menu>
    <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Paste" />
  </Menu>
  <TextBox />
</StackPanel>"

In the example, the Paste command is the command, the MenuItem is the command source, the TextBox is the command target, and the command binding is supplied by the TextBox control. It is worth noting that it is not always the case that the CommandBinding is supplied by the control. Quite often the CommandBinding must be created by the application developer and the CommandBinding may be attached to an ancestor of the command target.

Commands

Commands in WPF are created by implementing the ICommand interface. ICommand exposes two methods and an event: Execute, CanExecute, and CanExecuteChanged. Execute performs the action of the command, CanExecute determines whether the command can execute on the current command target, and CanExecuteChanged signifies that the ability of the command to execute may have changed.

Scrum Methodologies

2009-11-25T17:14:00.001-08:00

The Scrum methodology of agile software development marks a dramatic departure from waterfall management. In fact, Scrum and other agile processes were inspired by its shortcomings. The Scrum methodology emphasizes communication and collaboration, functioning software, and the flexibility to adapt to emerging business realities — all attributes that suffer in the rigidly ordered waterfall paradigm.

For many developers in the software industry, the agile methodology is nothing new. Most folks know that agile was a direct response to the dominant project management paradigm, waterfall, and borrows many principles from lean manufacturing. In 2001, as this new management paradigm began to pick up momentum, agile was formalized when 17 pioneers of the agile methodology met at the Snowbird Ski Resort in Utah and issued the Agile Manifesto. Their manifesto is now considered the foundational text for agile practices and principles. Most importantly, the manifesto spelled out the philosophy behind agile, which places a new emphasis on communication and collaboration; functioning software; and the flexibility to adapt to emerging business realities.

But for all of the strides the Agile Manifesto made in revising a philosophical approach to software development, it didn’t provide the concrete processes that development teams depend on when deadlines — and stakeholders — start applying pressure. As a result, when it comes to the nuts and bolts of running a team with agile every day, organizations turn to particular subsets of the agile methodology. These include Crystal Clear, Extreme Programming, Feature Driven Development, Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), Scrum, and others. At my organization, we use Scrum and I’ve found it to be an incredibly effective management methodology for everyone involved, including developers and stakeholders. If you’re interested in learning about the other agile methodologies, there are plenty of resources out there. This blog is designed to provide some essential background for those who are new to Scrum.

What’s Unique about Scrum?

Of all the agile methodologies, Scrum is unique because it introduced the idea of “empirical process control.” That is, Scrum uses the real-world progress of a project — not a best guess or uninformed forecast — to plan and schedule releases. In Scrum, projects are divided into succinct work cadences, known as sprints, which are typically one week, two weeks, or three weeks in duration. At the end of each sprint, stakeholders and team members meet to assess the progress of a project and plan its next steps. This allows a project’s direction to be adjusted or reoriented based on completed work, not speculation or predictions.

Philosophically, this emphasis on an ongoing assessment of completed work is largely responsible for its popularity with managers and developers alike. But what allows the Scrum methodology to really work is a set of roles, responsibilities, and meetings that never change. If Scrum’s capacity for adaption and flexibility makes it an appealing option, the stability of its practices give teams something to lean on when development gets chaotic.

The Roles of Scrum

Scrum has three fundamental roles: Product Owner, ScrumMaster, and team member.

Product Owner: In Scrum, the Product Owner is responsible for communicating the vision of the product to the development team. He or she must also represent the customer’s interests through requirements and prioritization. Because the Product Owner has the most authority of the three roles, it’s also the role with the most responsibility. In other words, the Product Owner is the single individual who must face the music when a project goes awry.

The tension between authority and responsibility means that it’s hard for Product Owners to strike the right balance of involvement. Because Scrum values self-organization among teams, a Product Owner must fight the urge to micro-manage. At the same time, Product Owners must be available to answer questions from the team.

ScrumMaster: The ScrumMaster acts as a liaison between the Product Owner and the team. The ScrumMaster does not manage the team. Instead, he or she works to remove any impediments that are obstructing the team from achieving its sprint goals. In short, this role helps the team remain creative and productive, while making sure its successes are visible to the Product Owner. The ScrumMaster also works to advise the Product Owner about how to maximize ROI for the team.
Team Member: In the Scrum methodology, the team is responsible for completing work. Ideally, teams consist of seven cross-functional members, plus or minus two individuals. For software projects, a typical team includes a mix of software engineers, architects, programmers, analysts, QA experts, testers, and UI designers. Each sprint, the team is responsible for determining how it will accomplish the work to be completed. This grants teams a great deal of autonomy, but, similar to the Product Owner’s situation, that freedom is accompanied by a responsibility to meet the goals of the sprint.